Answer: Sculptured Embossing!
There are 3 levels of embossing available to you: single-level, multi-level and, as seen above, sculptured embossing.
A sculptured emboss is the most expensive because the process includes several production steps.
This often hand-tooled die, usually made of brass, embosses many levels through the use of curves, angles and varying depths, which create many interesting shadows and highlights. This kind of die would be perfect to showcase the intricacy in the image of a rose or, in this case, a horse’s head.
Printing image beyond the crop lines…
China. It is Chinese stitch binding or stab binding. I have used it on my handmade books.